UGC NET

This post consists more than 100 questions from Logical Reasoning  from previous years UGC NET papers. this will help you to understand the pattern of questions comes under this section. Generally 5 out 50 questions comes from Logical Reasoning. New syllabus issued by the NTA is given in this post. this post also highlight the questions from each years. try to solve the questions.

Best of luck for your NTA UGC NET  preparation.

Logical Reasoning

( 5 Questions out of 50)

 Understanding the structure of arguments: argument forms, structure of
categorical propositions, Mood and Figure, Formal and Informal fallacies,
Uses of language, Connotations and denotations of terms, Classical
square of opposition.
 Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning.
 Analogies.
 Venn diagram: Simple and multiple use for establishing validity of
arguments.
 Indian Logic: Means of knowledge.
 Pramanas: Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference), Upamana
(Comparison), Shabda (Verbal testimony), Arthapatti (Implication) and
Anupalabddhi (Non-apprehension).
 Structure and kinds of Anumana (inference), Vyapti (invariable relation),
Hetvabhasas (fallacies of inference).

JULY 2016

1. Among the following propositions two are related in such a way that one is the denial of the other. Which are those propositions ?  Select the correct code:
   Propositions:
   (a) All women are equal to men
   (b) Some women are equal to men
   (c) Some women are not equal to men
   (d) No women are equal to men
   Codes:
   (1) (a)and(b)
   (2) (a)and(d)
   (3) (c)and(d)
   4) (a)and(c)
2. If the proposition ‘All thieves are poor’ is false, which of the following propositions can be claimed certainly to be true ?
   Propositions:
   (1) Some thieves are poor.
   2) Some thieves are not poor.
   (3) No thief is poor.
   (4) No poor person is a thief.
3. Consider the following statement and select the correct code stating the nature of the argument involved in it:
   To suppose that the earth is the only populated world in the infinite space is as absurd as to assert that in an entire field of millet only one grain will grow.
   (1) Astronomical          (2) Anthropological             (3) Deductive          4) Analogical
4. Select the code which is not correct about Venn diagram:
   (1) Venn diagram represents propositions as well as classes.
   (2) It can provide clear method of notation.
   3) It can be either valid or invalid.
   (4) It can provide the direct method of testing the validity.
5. Select the code which is not correct in the context of deductive argument with two
   premises:
   (1) An argument with one true premise, one false premise and a false conclusion may be valid.
   2) An argument with two true premises and a false conclusion may be valid.
   (3) An argument with one true premise, one false premise and a true conclusion may be valid.
   (4) An argument with two false premises and a false conclusion may be valid.
6. Given below are two premises and four conclusions are drawn from them (taking singly or together). Select the code that states the conclusions validly drawn.
   Premises:(i) All religious persons are emotional.
   (ii) Ram is a religious person.
   Conclusions :(a) Ram is emotional.
   (b) All emotional persons are religious.
   (c) Ram is not a non-religious person.
   (d) Some religious persons are not emotional.
   Codes:
   (1) (a),(b),(c)and(d)
   (2) (a)only
   3) (a) and (c) only
   (4) (b) and (c) only

DECEMBER 2015

7. Consider the argument given below ;
   ‘Pre – employment testing of teachers is quite fair because doctors; architects and engineers who are now employed had to face such a testing.’
   What type of argument it is ?
   (1) Deductive       2) Analogical  (3) Psychological        (4) Biological
8. Among the following propositions two are related in such a way thai they can both be true although they cannot both be false. Which are those propositions ? Select the correct code.
   Propositions :
   (a) Some priests are cunning.
   (b) No priest is cunning.
   (c) All priests are cunning.
   (d) Some priests are not cunning.
   Codes :
   (1) (a) and (b)         (2) (c) and (d)
   (3) (a) and (c)        4) (a) and (d)
9. A Cluster of propositions with a structure thai exhibits some inference is called :
   (1) An inference         2) An argument
   (3) An explanation     (4) A valid argument
10. Consider the followingassertion (A)and reason (R) and select the correct code given below :
    (A) : No man is perfect.
    (R) : Some men are not perfect.
    1) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not provide sufficient reason for (A).
    (2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) provides sufficient reason for (A).
    (3) (A) is true but (R) is false
    (4) (A) is false but (R) is true
11. A definition that has a meaning that is deliberately assigned to some symbol is called :
    (1) Lexical         (2) Precising        3) Stipulative  (4) Persuasive
12. If the proposition ‘No men are honest’ is taken to be false which of the following proposition/ propositions can be claimed certainly to be true ?
    Propositions :
    (1) All men are honest                 2) Some men are honest
    (3) Some men are not honest      (4) No honest person is man

JUNE 2015

13. If we want to seek new knowledge of facts about the world, we must rely on reason of the
    type:
    1) Inductive(2) Deductive (3) Demonstrative (4) Physiological
14. A deductive argument is invalid if:
    (1) Its premises and conclusions are all false

2) Its premises are true but its conclusion is false
(3) Its premises are false but its conclusion is true
(4) Its premises and conclusions are all true

15. Inductive reasoning is grounded on :
    (1) Integrity of nature (2) Unity of nature
    3) Uniformity of nature(4) Harmony of nature
16. Among the following statements two are contradictory to each other. Select the correct code that represents them :
    Statements :
    (a) All poets are philosophers.
    (b) Some poets are philosophers.
    (c) Some poets are not philosophers.
    (d) No philosopher is a poet.
    Codes :
    (1) (a)and(b)
    (2) (a) and (d)
    3) (a) and (c)
    (4) (b) and (c)
17. Which of the codes given below contains only the correct statements ?
    Select the code :
    Statements :
    (a) Venn diagram represents the arguments graphically.
    (b) Venn diagram can enhance our understanding.
    (c) Venn diagram may be called valid or invalid.
    (d) Venn diagram is clear method of notation.
    Codes :
    (1) (a), (b) and (c)
    2) (a), (b) and (d)
    (3) (b), (c) and (d)
    (4) (a), (c) and (d)
18. When the purpose of a definition is to explain the use or to eliminate ambiguity the definition
    is called:
    (1) Stipulative
    (2) Theoretical
    (3) Lexical
    (4) Persuasive
    Codes:
    (1) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
    (2) (a), (b) and (c)
    3) (a), (b) and (d)
    (4) (b), (c) and (d)

DECEMBER 2014

19. “A man ought no more to value himself for being wiser than a woman if he owes his advantage to a better education, than he ought to boast of his courage for beating a manwhen his hands were tied.”
    The above passage is an instance of
    (A)    Deductive argument    (B)    Hypothetical argument
    (C)    Analogical argument    (D)    Factual argument
20. By which of the following proposition, the proposition wise men are hardly afraid death is contradicted ?
    (A)    Some wise men are afraid of death.
    (B)    All wise men are afraid of death.
    (C)    No wise men is afraid of death.
    (D)    Some wise men are not afraid of death.
21. When in a group of propositions, one proposition is claimed to follow from the others, thegroup of propositions is called
    (A)    An argument      (B)    A valid argument
    (C)    An explanation    (D)    An invalid argument
22. Namita and Samita are brilliant and studious. Anita and Karabi are obedient and irregular Babita and Namita are irregular but brilliant. Samita and Kabita are regular and obedient. Who among them is/are brilliant, obedient, regular and studious ?
    A) Samita alone  (B) Namita and Samita
    (C) Kabita alone    (D) Anita alone

JUNE 2014

23. If two propositions having the same subject and predicate terms can both be true but can not both be false, the relation between those two propositions is called
    (A) contradictory
    (B) contrary
    C) sub-contrary
    (D) subaltern
24. One writes all numbers from 50 to 99 without the digits 2 and 7. How many numbers have been written ?
    A) 32(B) 36
    (C) 40 (D) 38
25. “If a large diamond is cut up into little bits, it will lose its value just as an army is divided up into small units of soldiers, it loses its strength.” The argument put above may be called as
    A) Analogical(B) Deductive
    (C) Statistical (D) Causal
26. Given below are some characteristics of logical argument. Select the code which expresses a characteristic which is not of inductive in character.
    (A) The conclusion is claimed to follow from its premises.
    (B) The conclusion is based on causal relation.
    C)The conclusion conclusively follows from its premises.
    (D) The conclusion is based on observation and experiment.
27. Given below is a diagram of three circles A, B & C inter-related with each other. The circle A represents the class of Indians, the circle B represents the class of scientists and circle C represents the class of politicians, p, q, r, s … represent different regions. Select the code containing the region that indicates the class of Indian scientists who are not politicians.
    Codes:
    (A) q and s only
    B) s only
    (C) s and r only
    (D) p, q and s only
28. Given below are two premises and four conclusions drawn from those premises. Select the code that expresses conclusion drawn validly from the premises (separately or jointly).
    Premises:
    (a) All dogs are mammals.
    (b) No cats are dogs.
    Conclusions:
    (i) No cats are mammals.
    (ii) Some cats are mammals.
    (iii) No dogs are cats.
    (iv) No dogs are non-mammals.
    Codes:
    (A) (i) only (B) (i) and (ii)
    C) (iii) and (iv)(D) (ii) and (iii)

DECEMBER 2013

29. If two propositions having the same subject and predicate terms are such that one is the denial of the other, the relationship
    between them is called
    A) Contradictory
    (B) Contrary
    (C) Sub-contrary
    (D) Sub-alternation
30. Ananya and Krishna can speak and follow English. Bulbul can write and speak Hindi as Archana does.Archana talks with Ananya also in Bengali. Krishna can not follow Bengali. Bulbul talks with Ananya in Hindi. Who can speak and follow English, Hindi and Bengali ?
    (A) Archana
    (B) Bulbul
    C) Ananya
    (D) Krishna

31.A stipulative definition may be said to be
(A) Always true
(B) Always false
(C) Sometimes true, sometimes false
D) Neither true nor false

32.When the conclusion of an argument follows from its premise/premises conclusively, the argument is called
(A) Circular argument
(B) Inductive argument
C) Deductive argument
(D) Analogical argument

33.Saturn and Mars are planets like the earth. They borrow light from the Sun and moves around the Sun as the Earth does. So those planets are inhabited by various orders of creatures as the earth is.What type of argument is contained in the above passage ?
(A) Deductive (B) Astrological
C) Analogical (D) Mathematical

34. Given below are two premises. Four conclusions are drawn from those two premises in four codes. Select the code that states the conclusion validly drawn.
    Premises:
    (i) All saints are religious, (major)
    (ii) Some honest persons are saints. (minor)
    Codes :
    (A) All saints are honest.
    (B) Some saints are honest.
    (C) Some honest persons are religious.
    D) All religious persons are honest

JUNE 2013

35. If the statement ‘some men are honest’ is false, which among the following statements will be true Choose the correct code given below
    (i) All men are honest
    (ii) No men are honest
    (iii) Some men are not honest
    (iv) All men are dishonest

Codes:
(A) (i), (ii) and (iii)
B) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(C) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(D) (ii), (i) and (iv)

36. Choose the proper alternative given in the codes to replace the question Bee – Honey, Cow – Milk, Teacher – ?
    (A) Intelligence (B) Marks
    (C) LessonsD) Wisdom
37. P is the father of R and S is the son of Q and T is the brother of P, If R is the sister of S, how is Q related to T?
    (A) Wife
    B) Sister-in-law
    (C) Brother-in-law
    (D) Daughter-in-law
38. A definition put forward to resolve a dispute by influencing attitudes or stirring emotions is called
    (A)LexicalB) Persuasive
    (C) Stipulative (D)Precisions
39. Which of the codes given below contains only the correct statements?
    Statements:
    (i) Venn diagram is a clear method of notation
    (ii) Venn diagram is the most direct method of testing the validity of categorical syllogisms
    (iii) In Venn diagram method the premises and the conclusion of a categorical syllogism is diagrammed.
    (iv) In Venn diagram method the three overlapping circles are drawn for testing a categorical syllogism

Codes:
(A) (i) (ii) & (iii)
B) (i) (ii) &(iv)
(C) (ii) (iii)& (iv)
(D) (i) (iii) &(iv)

40. Inductive reasoning presupposes
    (A) Unity in human nature
    (B) Integrity in human nature
    C) Uniformity in human nature
    (D) Harmony in human nature

DECEMBER 2012

41. By which of the following proposition, the proposition ‘some men are not honest’ is contradicted ?
    A) All men are honest.
    (B) Some men are honest.
    (C) No men are honest.
    (D) All of the above.
42. A stipulative definition is
    (A) always true
    (B) always false
    (C) sometimes true sometimes false
    D) neither true nor false

43.Choose the appropriate alternative given in the codes to replace the question mark.
Examiner – Examinee,    Pleader – Client,
Preceptor – ?
(A) Customer    (B) Path-finder
(C) Perceiver     D) Disciple

44.If the statement ‘most of the students are obedient’ is taken to be true, which one of the following pair of statements can be claimed to be true ?
I.   All obedient persons are students.
II.  All students are obedient.
III. Some students are obedient.
IV. Some students are not disobedient.
Codes :
(A) I&II           (B) II & III
C) III & IV     (D) II&IV

45. Choose the right code :
    A deductive argument claims that :
    I.   The conclusion does not claim something more than that which is contained in the premises.
    II.  The conclusion is supported by the premise/premises conclusively.
    III. If the conclusion is false, then premise/premises may be either true or false.
    IV  If premise/combination of premises is true, then conclusion must be true.
    Codes :
    A)   I and II   (B)   I and III
    (C)   II and III      (D)   All the above

JUNE 2012

46. The basis of the following classification is :
    ‘first President of India’ ‘author of Godan’ ‘books in my library’, ‘blue things’ and ‘students who work hard’
    (A) Common names
    (B) Proper names
    C) Descriptive phrases
    (D) Indefinite description
47. In the expression ‘Nothing is larger than itself’ the relation ‘is larger than’ is
    (A) antisymmetric
    (B) asymmetrical
    (C) intransitive
    D) irreflexive
48. Assertion (A) : There are more laws on the books today than ever before, and more crimes being committed than ever before.
    Reason (R) : Because to reduce crime we must eliminate the laws.
    Choose the correct answer from below :
    A) (A) is true, (R) is doubtful and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
    (B) (A) is false, (R) is true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
    (C) (A) is doubtful, (R) is doubtful and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
    (D) (A) is doubtful, (R) is true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
49. If the proposition “All men are not mortal” is true then which of the following inferences is correct ? Choose from the code given below :
    1. “All men are mortal” is true.
    2. “Some men are mortal” is false.
    3. “No men are mortal” is doubtful.
    4. “All men are mortal” is false.
    Code :
    (A) 1, 2 and 3
    B) 2, 3 and 4
    (C) 1, 3 and 4
    (D) 1 and 3
50. Determine the nature of the following
    definition : “Abortion” means the ruthless murdering of innocent beings.
    (A) LexicalB) Persuasive(C) Stipulative (D) Theoretical
51. Which one of the following is not an argument ?
    (A) Devadutt does not eat in the day so he must be eating at night.
    B) If Devadutt is growing fat and if he does not eat during the day, he will be eating at night.
    (C) Devadutt eats in the night so he does not eat during the day.
    (D) Since Devadutt does not eat in the day, he must be eating in the night.
52. Venn diagram is a kind of diagram to
    A) represent and assess the validity of elementary inferences of syllogistic form.
    (B) represent but not assess the validity of elementary inferences of syllogistic form.
    (C) represent and assess the truth of elementary inferences of syllogistic form.
    (D) assess but not represent the truth of elementary inferences of syllogistic form.
53. Reasoning by analogy leads to
    (A) certainty
    (B) definite conclusion
    C) predictive conjecture
    (D) surety
54. Which of the following statements are false ? Choose from the code given below :
    1. Inductive arguments always proceed from the particular to the general.
    2. A cogent argument must be inductively strong.
    3. A valid argument may have a false premise and a false conclusion.
    4. An argument may legitimately be spoken of as ‘true’ or ‘false’.
    Code :
    (A) 2, 3 and 4
    (B) 1 and 3
    C) 2 and 4
    (D) 1 and 2
55. Six persons A, B, C, D, E and F are standing in a circle. B is between F and C, A is between E and D, F is to the left of D. Who is between A and F ?
    (A) B
    (B) C
    C) D
    (D) E
56. The price of petrol increases by 25%. By what percentage must a customer reduce the consumption so that the earlier bill on the petrol does not alter ?
    A) 20%(B) 25% (C) 30% (D) 33.33%
57. If Ram knows that y is an integer greater than 2 and less than 7 and Hari knows that y is an integer greater than 5 and less than 10, then they may correctly conclude that
    A) y can be exactly determined
    (B) y may be either of two values
    (C) y may be any of three values
    (D) there is no value of y satisfying these conditions
58. Four pipes can fill a reservoir in 15, 20, 30 and 60 hours respectively. The first one was opened at 6 AM, second at 7 AM, third at 8 AM and the fourth at 9 AM. When will the reservoir be filled ?
    (A) 11 AM (B) 12 Noon C) 1 PM(D) 1:30 PM

DECEMBER 2011

59. The basis of the following classification is ‘animal’, ‘man’, ‘house’, ‘book’, and ‘student’ :
    (A) Definite descriptions
    (B) Proper names
    (C) Descriptive phrases
    D) Common names
60. Assertion (A) : The coin when flipped next time will come up tails.
    Reason (R) : Because the coin was flipped five times in a row, and each time it came up heads.
    Choose the correct answer from below :
    (A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanationof (A)
    (B) Both (A) and (R) are false, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    C) (A) is doubtful, (R) is true, and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
    (D) (A) is doubtful, (R) is false, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
61. The relation ‘is a sister of ’ is
    (A) non-symmetrical
    (B) symmetrical
    (C) asymmetrical
    D) transitive
    Ref:: “Discrete Structures Essentials” By Research & Education Association PgNo. 30
62. If the proposition “Vegetarians are not meat eaters” is false, then which of the following inferences is
    correct ? Choose from the codes given below :
    1. “Some vegetarians are meat eaters” is true.
    2. “All vegetarians are meat eaters” is doubtful.
    3. “Some vegetarians are not meat eaters” is true.
    4. “Some vegetarians are not meat eaters” is doubtful.
    Codes :
    A) 1, 2 and 3
    (B) 2, 3 and 4
    (C) 1, 3 and 4
    (D) 1, 2 and 4
63. Determine the nature of the following definition :
    ‘Poor’ means having an annual income of ` 10,000.
    (A) persuasiveB) precising(C) lexical (D) stipulative
64. Which one of the following is not an argument ?
    A) If today is Tuesday, tomorrow will be Wednesday.
    (B) Since today is Tuesday, tomorrow will be Wednesday.
    (C) Ram insulted me so I punched him in the nose.
    (D) Ram is not at home, so he must have gone to town.
65. Venn diagram is a kind of diagram to
    (A) represent and assess the truth of elementary inferences with the help of Boolean Algebra of classes.
    B) represent and assess the validity of elementary inferences with the help of Boolean Algebra of classes.
    (C) represent but not assess the validity of elementary inferences with the help of Boolean Algebra of classes.
    (D) assess but not represent the validity of elementary inferences with the help of Boolean Algebra of classes.
66. Inductive logic studies the way in which a premise may
    (A) support and entail a conclusion
    (B) not support but entail a conclusion
    (C) neither support nor entail a conclusion
    D) support a conclusion without entailing it
67. Which of the following statements are true ? Choose from the codes given below.
    1. Some arguments, while not completely valid, are almost valid.
    2. A sound argument may be invalid.
    3. A cogent argument may have a probably false conclusion.
    4. A statement may be true or false.
    Codes :
    (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1, 3 and 4 (C) 4 aloneD) 3 and 4
68. If the side of the square increases by 40%, then the area of the square increases by
    (A) 60 % (B) 40 % (C) 196 %D) 96 %
69. There are 10 lamps in a hall. Each one of them can be switched on independently. The number of ways in which hall can be illuminated is
    (A) 102 B) 1023(C) 210 (D) 10 !
70. How many numbers between 100 and 300 begin or end with 2 ?
    (A) 100 B) 110(C) 120 (D) 180
71. In a college having 300 students, every student reads 5 newspapers and every newspaper is read by 60 students. The number of newspapers required is
    (A) at least 30 (B) at most 20 C) exactly 25 (D) exactly 5

JUNE 2011

72. If the statement ‘some men are cruel’ is false, which of the following statements/statement are/is true ?
    (i) All men are cruel.
    (ii) No men are cruel.
    (iii) Some men are not cruel.
    (A) (i) and (iii) (B) (i) and (ii) (C) (ii) and (iii) D) (iii) only

DECEMBER 2010

73. Two statements I and II given below are followed by two conclusions (a) and (b).
    Supposing the statements are true, which of the following conclusions can logically follow ?
    Statements :
    I. Some flowers are red.
    II. Some flowers are blue.
    Conclusions :
    (a) Some flowers are neither red nor blue.
    (b) Some flowers are both red and blue.
    Codes:
    (A) Only (a) follows.
    (B) Only (b) follows.
    (C) Both (a) and (b) follow.
    D) Neither (a) nor (b) follows.
74. If the statement ‘all students are intelligent’ is true, which of the following statements are false ?
    (i) No students are intelligent.
    (ii) Some students are intelligent.
    (iii) Some students are not intelligent.
    (A) (i) and (ii)
    B) (i) and (iii)
    (C) (ii) and (iii)
    (D) (i) only
75. A reasoning where we start with certain particular statements and conclude with a universal statement is called
    (A) Deductive Reasoning
    (B) Inductive Reasoning
    (C) Abnormal Reasoning
    D) Transcendental Reasoning
76. What is the smallest number of ducks that could swim in this formation – two ducks in front of a
    duck, two ducks behind a duck and a duck between two ducks ?
    (A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 4 D) 3
77. Mr. A, Miss B, Mr. C and Miss D are sitting around a table and discussing their trades.
    (i) Mr. A sits opposite to the cook.
    (ii) Miss B sits right to the barber
    (iii) The washerman sits right to the barber
    (iv) Miss D sits opposite to Mr. C
    What are the trades of A and B ?
    (A) Tailor and barber (B) Barber and cook C) Tailor and cook(D) Tailor and washerman

JUNE 2010

78. Which of the following is an example of circular argument ?
    (A) God created man in his image and man created God in his own image.
    (B) God is the source of a scripture and the scripture is the source of our knowledge of God.
    (C) Some of the Indians are great because India is great.
    (D) Rama is great because he is Rama.
79. Lakshmana is a morally good person because
    (A) he is religious
    (B) he is educated
    (C) he is rich
    (D) he is rational
80. Two statements I and II given below are followed by two conclusions (a) and (b). Supposing the statements are true, which of the following conclusions can logically follow ?
    I. Some religious people are morally good.
    II. Some religious people are rational.
    Conclusions :
    (a) Rationally religious people are good morally.
    (b) Non-rational religious persons are not morally good.
    (A) Only (a) follows.
    (B) Only (b) follows.
    (C) Both (a) and (b) follow.
    (D) Neither (a) nor (b) follows.
81. Certainty is
    (A) an objective fact
    (B) emotionally satisfying
    (C) logical
    (D) ontological

DECEMBER 2009

81. Deductive argument involves
    (A)   sufficient evidence       (B)   critical thinking
    C)   seeing logical relations(D)   repeated observation
82. Inductive reasoning is based on or presupposes
    A)   uniformity of nature  (B)   God created the world
    (C)   unity of nature    (D)   laws of nature
83. To be critical, thinking must be
    (A)    practical   B)    socially relevant
    (C)    individually satisfying    (D)    analytical
84. Which of the following is an analogous statement ?
    A)    Man is like God
    (B)    God is great
    (C)    Gandhiji is the Father of the Nation
    (D)    Man is a rational being.

JUNE 2009

85. In a deductive argument conclusion is :
    (A) Summing up of the premises
    (B) Not necessarily based on premises
    C) Entailed by the premises
    (D) Additional to the premises
86. ‘No man are mortal’ is contradictory of :
    A) Some man are mortal(B) Some man are not mortal
    (C) All men are mortal (D) No mortal is man
87. A deductive argument is valid if:
    (A) premises are false and conclusion true
    (B) premises are false and conclusion is also false
    (C) premises are true and conclusion is false
    D) premises are true and conclusion is true
88. Structure of logical argument is based on :
    A) Formal validity(B) Material truth
    (C) Linguistic expression (D) Aptness of examples
89. Two ladies and two men are playing bridge and seated at North, East, South and West of a table. No lady is facing East. Persons sitting opposite to each other are not of the same sex. One man is facing South. Which direction are the ladies facing to ?
    (A) East and WestB) North and West
    (C) South and East (D) None of these

DECEMBER 2008

90. There are five books A,B,C,D and E.  The book C lies above D, the book E is below A and B is below E. Which is at the bottom ?
    (A)    E   B)     B    (C)    A    (D)    C
91. Logical reasoning is based on:
    (A)    Truth of involved propositions
    B)    Valid relation among the involved propositions
    (C)    Employment of symbolic language
    (D)    Employment of ordinary language
92. Two propositions with the same subject and predicate terms but different in quality are:
    (A)    Contradictory     (B)     Contrary    (C)    Subaltern    (D)    Identical
93. The premises of a valid deductive argument:
    (A)    Provide some evidence for its conclusion
    (B)    Provide no evidence for its conclusion
    (C)    Are irrelevant for its conclusion
    (D)    Provide conclusive evidence for its conclusion
94. Syllogistic reasoning is:
    (A)    Deductive    (B)     Inductive
    (C)    Experimental    (D)    Hypothetical

JUNE 2008

95. The following question is based on the diagram given below. If the two small circles represent formal class-room education and distance education and the big circle stands for university system of education, which figure represents the university systems.Ans: (B)
96. The statement, ‘To be non-violent is good’ is a :
    (A)    Moral judgement    (B)     Factual judgement
    (C)    Religious judgement    (D)    Value judgement
97. Assertion (A) :   Man is a rational being.
    Reason (R):   Man is a social being.
    (A)    Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    (B)    Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    (C)    (A) is true but (R) is false
    (D)    (A) is false but (R) is true
98. Value Judgements are:
    (A)    Factual Judgements
    (B)    Ordinary Judgements
    (C)    Normative Judgements
    (D)    Expression of public opinion
99. Deductive reasoning proceeds from :
    (A)    general to particular
    (B)    particular to general
    (C)    one general conclusion to another general conclusion
    (D)    one particular conclusion to another particular conclusion
100. AGARTALA is written in code as 14168171, the code for AGRA is :
     (A)    1641    (B)     1416    (C)    1441   D)    1461

DECEMBER 2007

101. Logical arguments are based on:
     (A)    Scientific reasoning           (B)     Customary reasoning
     (C)    Mathematical reasoning   D)    Syllogistic reasoning
102. Insert the missing number:
     4 : 17 : : 7 : ?
     (A)    48    (B)     49
     C)    50 (D)    51
103. Choose the odd word:
     (A)    Nun      B)     Knight
     (C)    Monk    (D)    Priest
104. Choose the number which is different from others in the group :
     (A)    49    (B)     63
     (C)    77    D)    81

JUNE 2007

105. From the given four statements, select the two which cannot be true but yet both can be false.
     Choose the right pair :
     (i)      All men are mortal
     (ii)     Some men are mortal
     (iii)    No man is mortal
     (iv)    Some men are not mortal
     (A)    (i)and(ii)     (B)     (iii) and (iv)
     (C)    (i)and(iii)    D)     (ii)and(iv)
106. A Syllogism must have:
     (A)    Three terms     B)    Four terms
     (C)    Six terms         (D)    Five terms
107. Copula is that part of proposition which denotes the relationship between :
     A)    Subject and predicate
     (B)    Known and unknown
     (C)    Major premise and minor premise
     (D)    Subject and object
108. “E” denotes:
     A)    Universal Negative Proposition
     (B)    Particular Affirmative Proposition
     (C)    Universal Affirmative Proposition
     (D)    Particular Negative Proposition
109. ‘A’ is the father of ‘C, and ‘D’ is the son of ‘B’. ‘E’ is the brother of ‘A’. If ‘C is the sister of ‘D’, how is
     ‘B’ related to ‘E’?
     (A)    daughter         (B)    husband
     C)    sister-in-law  (D)    brother-in-law

DECEMBER 2006

110. Which one of the following statements is completely non-sensical ?
     (A) He was a bachelor, but he married recently.
     (B) He is a bachelor, but he married recently.
     (C) When he married, he was not a bachelor.
     (D) When he was a bachelor, he was not married.
111. Which of the following statements are mutually contradictory ?
     (i) All flowers are not fragrant.
     (ii) Most flowers are not fragrant.
     (iii) None of the flowers is fragrant.
     (iv) Most flowers are fragrant.
     Choose the correct answer from the code given below :
     Code :
     (A) (i) and (ii)
     (B) (i) and (iii)
     (C) (ii) and (iii)
     (D) (iii) and (iv)
112. Which of the following statements say the same thing ?
     (i) “I am a teacher” (said by Arvind)
     (ii) “I am a teacher” (said by Binod)
     (iii) “My son is a teacher” (said by Binod’s father)
     (iv) “My brother is a teacher” (said by Binod’s sister)
     (v) “My brother is a teacher” (said by Binod’s only sister)
     (vi) “My sole enemy is a teacher” (said by Binod’s only enemy)
     Choose the correct answer from the code given below :
     Code :
     (A) (i) and (ii)
     (B) (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v)
     (C) (ii) and (vi)
     (D) (v) and (vi)
113. Which of the following are correct ways of arguing ?
     (i) There can be no second husband without a second wife.
     (ii) Anil is a friend of Bob, Bob is a friend of Raj, hence Anil is a friend of Raj.
     (iii) A is equal to B, B is equal to C, hence A is equal to C.
     (iv) If everyone is a liar, then we cannot prove it.
     Choose the correct answer from the code given below :
     Code :
     (A) (iii) and (iv)
     (B) (i), (iii) and (iv)
     (C) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
     (D) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
114. Which of the following statement/s are ALWAYS FALSE ?
     (i) The sun will not rise in the East some day.
     (ii) A wooden table is not a table.
     (iii) Delhi city will be drowned under water.
     (iv) Cars run on water as fuel.
     Choose the correct answer from the code given below :
     Code :
     (A) (i), (iii) and (iv)
     (B) Only (iii)
     (C) (i), (ii) and (iii)
     (D) (ii) alone

JUNE 2006

115. Which of the following conclusions is logically valid based on statement given below?
     Statement:    Most teachers are hard working.
     Conclusions: (I) Some teachers are hard working.
     (II)Some teachers are not hard working.
     (A) Only (I) is implied
     (B) Only (II) is implied
     C) Both (I) and (II) are implied
     (D) Neither (I) nor (II) is implied
116. Who among the following can be asked to make a statement in Indian Parliament ?
     (A) Any MLA
     (B) Chief of Army Staff
     C) Solicitor General of India
     (D) Mayor of Delhi
117. Which of the following conclusions is logically valid based on statement given below ?
     Statement :     Most of the Indian states existed before independence.
     Conclusions : (I) Some Indian States existed before independence.
     (II) All Indian States did not exist before independence.
     (A) only (I) is implied
     B) only (II) is implied
     (C) Both (I) and (II) are implied
     (D) Neither (I) nor (II) is implied
118. Water is always involved with landslides. This is because it:
     (A) reduces  the shear strength of rocks
     B) increases the weight of the overburden
     (C) enhances chemical weathering
     (D) is a universal solvent
119. Direction for this question:
     Given below are two statements (a) and (b) followed by two conclusions (i) and (ii). Considering the statements to be true, indicate which of the following conclusions logically follow from the given statements by selecting one of the four response alternatives given below the conclusion :
     Statements : (a) all businessmen are wealthy.
     (b) all wealthy people are hard working.
     Conclusions : (i) All businessmen are hard working.
     (ii) All hardly working people are not wealthy
     A) Only (i) follows
     (B) Only (ii) follows
     (C) Only (i) and (ii) follows
     (D) Neither (i) nor (ii) follows